Suppose there is a sentence-
Ram said to Ravan, "I shall kill you today." (Direct)
It will change to-
Ram told Ravan that he should kill him that day. (Indirect)
If we want to include direct speech to our writing then we require direct wordings of the speaker that we add to our text with quotation marks " ". And if we write it in our writing changing to our own words then we need to change it to indirect speech only then we become able to write it correctly.
In above Direct speech-
Ram said to Ravan - is called Reporting Verb (RV)
"I shall kill you today." - is called Reported Speech (RS)
Rules to change to Indirect Speech-
Rule 1- the following changes appear in Reporting Verb (RV)
said - no change
say - no change
says - no change
said to - told
say to - tell
says to - tells
Rule 2 - Comma (,) and Inverted commas (" ") are removed and RV and RS are added with the word 'that'
Rule 3 -
If RV is in Present or Future tense then there will be no change in the tense of RS
If RV is in Past tense then there will be change in Tense of RS as follows-
All Present - Past
Past Indefininte - Past Perfect
Past Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect - no change
Past Perfect Continuous - no change
Will - would
Shall - should
may - might
can - could
was/were - had been
ought to/should/must/might/could/would - no change
Rule 4 -
Consider the following exmple-
He(Subject) said to me(Object), " Ist Person, IInd Person, IIIrd Person"
If there appears Ist Person in RS then it will be changed according to Subject (Ist)
If there appears IInd person in RS then it will be changed according to Object (IInd)
If there appears IIIrd person in RS then there will be no change
we may also write this rule as -
123
-----
SON
where 1, 2 and 3 represents persons of the pronouns/noun and S, O and N represent Subject, Object and No change respectively.
Note : If there is IInd person in RS and no object is present in RV then it will be changed to Ist Person.
Rule 5-
The words of Far changes to words of Near as
here - there
come - go
this - that
these - those
now - then
yesterday - the previous day
tomorrow - the next day
today - that day
tonight - that night
the next day - the following day
(The post is being written further)
Truly
Anubhav Sharma
Ram said to Ravan, "I shall kill you today." (Direct)
It will change to-
Ram told Ravan that he should kill him that day. (Indirect)
If we want to include direct speech to our writing then we require direct wordings of the speaker that we add to our text with quotation marks " ". And if we write it in our writing changing to our own words then we need to change it to indirect speech only then we become able to write it correctly.
In above Direct speech-
Ram said to Ravan - is called Reporting Verb (RV)
"I shall kill you today." - is called Reported Speech (RS)
Rules to change to Indirect Speech-
Rule 1- the following changes appear in Reporting Verb (RV)
said - no change
say - no change
says - no change
said to - told
say to - tell
says to - tells
Rule 2 - Comma (,) and Inverted commas (" ") are removed and RV and RS are added with the word 'that'
Rule 3 -
If RV is in Present or Future tense then there will be no change in the tense of RS
If RV is in Past tense then there will be change in Tense of RS as follows-
All Present - Past
Past Indefininte - Past Perfect
Past Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect - no change
Past Perfect Continuous - no change
Will - would
Shall - should
may - might
can - could
was/were - had been
ought to/should/must/might/could/would - no change
Rule 4 -
Consider the following exmple-
He(Subject) said to me(Object), " Ist Person, IInd Person, IIIrd Person"
If there appears Ist Person in RS then it will be changed according to Subject (Ist)
If there appears IInd person in RS then it will be changed according to Object (IInd)
If there appears IIIrd person in RS then there will be no change
we may also write this rule as -
123
-----
SON
where 1, 2 and 3 represents persons of the pronouns/noun and S, O and N represent Subject, Object and No change respectively.
Note : If there is IInd person in RS and no object is present in RV then it will be changed to Ist Person.
Rule 5-
The words of Far changes to words of Near as
here - there
come - go
this - that
these - those
now - then
yesterday - the previous day
tomorrow - the next day
today - that day
tonight - that night
the next day - the following day
(The post is being written further)
Truly
Anubhav Sharma
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